Page 64 - IMDR Journal 2025

Research Article
- Hydroponic agriculture hinges on precise water and of the available studies.
nutrient delivery mechanisms. Research posits that IoT- RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
enabled hydroponic systems enhance water efficiency
through real-time monitoring of pH levels, nutrient This study adopts a review-based methodology, delving into
concentrations, and temperatures. existing literature to evaluate sustainable IoT irrigation
solutions. A comparative quantitative approach is employed
- Studies also reveal that automated hydroponic irrigation
systems curtail water consumption while amplifying crop to assess the efficacy of various technologies based on key
yields. factors such as water savings percentage, energy
consumption, cost efficiency, adaptability to climate
9. Smart Water Management Using LoRaWAN by Silva, variations, and maintenance requirements.
C., & Rodriguez, P. (2019)
Data Collection Process
- Research underscores the efficacy of LoRaWAN
technology in large-scale agricultural contexts, enabling The data collection process involves selecting peer-
efficient water management through extended-range reviewed articles, journals, and case studies published
communication. within the last five years. A comparative analysis is then
conducted to compare efficiency metrics reported in
- Studies demonstrate that LoRaWAN-based irrigation different IoT-based irrigation technologies. Common
systems ensure dependable data transmission even in trends, advantages, and limitations identified across studies
secluded agricultural fields, thereby reducing water are carefully examined.
wastage.
Review of Existing Literature
10. Edge Computing in IoT-Based Irrigation by Sharma,
V., & Bansal, P. (2021) The literature review highlights the positive impact of IoT-
based irrigation in reducing water consumption and
- Edge computing is being explored to augment the enhancing crop yield. Cloud-based platforms enable remote
efficiency of IoT irrigation systems. Studies propose that monitoring, while AI-driven automation enhances precision
processing data at the edge (in close proximity to sensors) in irrigation practices. However, concerns regarding data
curtails latency and diminishes reliance on cloud servers. security, network reliability, and affordability remain
- Research findings show that using edge-based solutions significant areas of focus for future research and
helps improve response times and makes the network more development efforts.
reliable. This, in turn, makes irrigation automation work Quantitative Research
more effectively and efficiently.
A detailed comparative analysis of IoT-based irrigation
The overall summary of the literature that has been reviewed systems is carried out, focusing on key metrics such as water
suggests that IoT-based irrigation solutions offer a valuable savings percentage, energy consumption, cost efficiency,
opportunity to achieve important benefits such as saving adaptability to climate variations, and maintenance
significant amounts of water, enabling automation, and requirements. This quantitative approach provides valuable
allowing for real-time monitoring. insights into the effectiveness of different technologies in
However, there are still some issues that could create optimizing water usage and agricultural productivity.
challenges when using these systems. These problems Comparative Analysis
include difficulties with calibrating the sensors correctly,
complexities involved in integrating different technologies,
and the high costs associated with deploying these systems.
The costs involved continue to be a major area of concern,
which is why more research is needed to find ways to make
these systems more affordable and accessible for
widespread use.
RESEARCH GAP
Although there are many studies that focus on the topic of
IoT-based irrigation, several challenges still remain and
need attention. These difficulties include the high costs
involved in setting up and maintaining the systems, FINDINGS
problems with accurately calibrating the sensors, the The utilization of IoT-based watering systems has
inability to effectively integrate these systems with showcased remarkable enhancements in water conservation
renewable energy sources, and limited scalability of the and efficiency. The incorporation of AI-driven models has
overall system. proven to offer unparalleled adaptability, while the
Another important issue is the lack of research that examines deployment of solar-powered solutions has brought
hybrid solutions combining AI, blockchain, and IoT sustainability advantages. Nevertheless, challenges related
technologies. These combined approaches could help to cost and integration must be overcome to facilitate
improve water conservation, but they have not been studied widespread adoption. Looking forward, progress should be
enough. This gap in the current research is something that directed towards integrating multiple technologies and
should be carefully addressed through further investigation enhancing affordability.

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