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2. Market Access:

           -  Limited Market Linkages: FPOs  often struggle  to establish
        strong market  linkages  for their  produce. They  may not have  the

        resources or knowledge to negotiate favorable terms with buyers,
        leading to exploitation and unfair pricing.

           - Inadequate Infrastructure: Lack of proper storage, transportation,
        and processing facilities can hinder FPOs’ ability to access distant

        and more lucrative markets, limiting their profit potential.

        3. Seed Quality and Availability:

           - Quality Control: Ensuring the availability of high-quality seeds
        is essential for increasing agricultural  productivity. FPOs  often
        face challenges in sourcing certified seeds and maintaining quality

        standards throughout the seed distribution process.

           - Varietal Diversity: Limited access to a diverse range of crop
        varieties can hinder FPOs’ ability to adapt to changing market
        demands and climate conditions.


        4. Traditional Farming Practices:

           - Resistance to Change: Many farmers in India still adhere to
        traditional farming practices, which may not be the most efficient or

        sustainable methods. Convincing farmers to adopt modern, science-
        based techniques can be a significant challenge.

           - Capacity Building: FPOs need to invest in training and capacity-
        building programs to educate their members about modern farming

        practices, sustainable agriculture, and the use of technology.

        Measures to Handle Challenges:

           1.  Awareness Campaigns: Conduct  extensive  awareness

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