Page 38 - IMDR Journal 2025

Research Article
DEEP TECH AND GLOBAL TECHNOLOGICAL
LEADERSHIP POLICY STRATEGIES &
GEOPOLITICAL IMPLICATIONS

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Vanshika Panjabi , Sejal Maheshwari , Vaidehi Yadgire , Sarthak Sonawane 1
ABSTRACT
The rapid advancement of deep technologies, including artificial intelligence, quantum computing, semiconductors, and
biotechnology, has ignited a fierce global race for technological leadership. Nations worldwide are aggressively investing in
research and development, formulating strategic policies, and establishing regulatory frameworks to secure dominance in
these fields. Today, deep tech—like AI, quantum computing, biotech, and chips—is reshaping industries and affecting how
powerful a country can be. It’s more than just new tech. It’s about economic strength, national safety, and global influence.
Countries are spending a lot on deep tech. They’re building policies, funding innovation, and securing the supply of critical
materials. These technologies are now part of global politics—like the battles over semiconductors and AI rules.Each country
has its own style. The U.S. supports private startups and passed the CHIPS Act to boost chip making.China invests through the
government with plans like "Made in China 2025."The EU makes strong rules and focuses on safe and ethical use.India is
building a deep tech ecosystem with startup support and smart policies.
As deep tech grows, countries must balance progress and protection—making sure they’re safe while also working with
others. This paper looks at how different governments handle deep tech and how it’s changing the world order. This study
offers insights into the evolving deep tech landscape, helping stakeholders navigate the complexities of innovation, security,
and economic competitiveness in an increasingly technology-driven world.
KEYWORDS Deep Tech, Artificial Intelligence, Quantum Computing, Semiconductors, Biotechnology, Geopolitics

INTRODUCTION governance, and strategic investments in cutting-edge
technologies, while India is positioning itself as a rising
In the modern era, deep technologies (deep tech) have deep tech hub through policy-driven innovation and startup
become the cornerstone of global economic and geopolitical ecosystems.
competition. These advanced technologies, including
artificial intelligence (AI), quantum computing, As deep tech continues to shape the global economy and
biotechnology, semiconductors, and autonomous systems, international relations, nations face key challenges,
are not only driving industrial transformation but are also including technological protectionism, talent acquisition,
redefining national security, economic strength, and global cybersecurity risks, and ethical concerns. Policymakers
influence. The race for technological leadership is now a must strike a balance between fostering innovation and
critical determinant of geopolitical power, with nations ensuring national security, all while navigating global
competing to dominate key areas of innovation. partnerships and trade restrictions. This paper explores the
Governments worldwide are investing heavily in deep tech geopolitical and policy dimensions of deep tech, analyzing
research and development (R&D), formulating policies that how governments worldwide are shaping technological
foster innovation, secure critical supply chains, and enhance leadership. Using secondary data from policy reports,
national competitiveness. The strategic importance of deep research papers, and global technology indices, the study
tech is evident in global conflicts over semiconductor supply examines the strategies, challenges, and implications of
chains, AI governance, and quantum computing supremacy, deep tech-driven geopolitical competition. The findings aim
highlighting the intersection between technology and to provide insights into how deep tech policies are
geopolitics. influencing the global power landscape and the future of
international cooperation.
The United States, China, the European Union, and India
have emerged as key players in the deep tech landscape,
each adopting distinct policy approaches to strengthen their STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
technological leadership. The U.S. leverages its private The global race for deep tech leadership is intensifying, with
sector-driven innovation ecosystem, supported by federal nations formulating policies to secure dominance in AI,
initiatives such as the CHIPS and Science Act, which aims to quantum computing, semiconductors, and biotechnology.
boost semiconductor manufacturing and R&D. China, on However, challenges such as technological protectionism,
the other hand, follows a state-led model, integrating deep cybersecurity risks, and regulatory complexities persist.
tech development into its broader economic and security This study examines how deep tech policies shape global
strategy under initiatives like "Made in China 2025." The power dynamics and geopolitical competition.
European Union focuses on regulatory leadership, ethical AI

Corresponding author: vanshikapanjabi12608@gmail.com
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Institute of Management Development and Research, Pune
Cite this Paper :
Vanshika, P., Sejal, M., Vaidehi, Y., Sarthak, S., (2025)
Deep Tech and Global Technological Leadership: Policy Strategies and Geopolitical Implications, JMDR
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