Page 151 - NITI - Navigating Indian Traditions in Industry
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Each    Vedanga    has    a
                                                                unique role in facilitating
                                                                the     understanding     and
                                                                preservation of the Vedas,
                                                                much     like  how    modern
                                                                management          disciplines
                                                                guide the functioning of
                                                                organizations. By drawing
                                                                parallels    between    these
                                                                ancient      sciences     and
                                                                contemporary management
                                                                practices, we can uncover how
                                                                traditional knowledge systems
                                                                laid the groundwork for what
                                                                we now recognize as Scientific
                                                                Management.


             1. Shiksha (Phonetics)
             Shiksha is the first and most important of the Vedangas, often referred to as “Shiksha
            Vedanga.” It focuses on the proper pronunciation and recitation of Vedic mantras.
            The term “Shiksha” should not be confused with the English word “education,” as they
            differ significantly in meaning. In Vedic Sanskrit, Shiksha refers to specific instructions
            related to the Sanskrit alphabet, the rules for pronunciation, phonology, and phonetics.

             Phonetics is of utmost importance in Vedic Sanskrit, as any alteration in the sound
            of a Vedic mantra can lead to a change in meaning, and consequently, its effect. The
            structure of sentences and the related grammatical rules are covered by Vyakarana.
            While Vedic Sanskrit and Classical Sanskrit share similarities, they differ in certain
            aspects of phonology, vocabulary, and grammatical rules.
             The Vedas were initially not written; they were transmitted orally by great sages to
            their disciples for over two millennia. The primary concern of these sages was that the
            Vedas be recited flawlessly. To ensure this accuracy, Shiksha was developed, laying
            down rules to preserve the correct pronunciation of the Vedic mantras for all time.
            The potency of the Vedic mantras lies in their correct pronunciation, making Shiksha
            a foundational aspect of the Vedic Sanskrit language.
             In ancient times, Shiksha was the first and compulsory teaching for those who wished
            to master the entire Vedic literature. Disciples were expected to listen to and reproduce
            the Vedic mantras flawlessly. Any deviation would alter the sound and meaning, which
            is why Shiksha is considered the foundation of Vedic Sanskrit.





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