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withdrawal  from over-saturated  or unprofitable areas, encouraging businesses  to
            explore new opportunities or markets that align with their capabilities.



             Case Study:Google’s Transition to Alphabet Inc.
             One of the most well-known examples of Viyog in modern business is Google’s
            transition to a holding company, Alphabet Inc. This strategic move allowed Google
            to separate its core  business  from its newer  ventures,  each  of which  operates
            independently under the Alphabet umbrella. Let’s explore how this case embodies the
            principles of Viyog:



             1. Strategic Separation for Clarity and Focus:
             Before the restructure, Google was operating in a wide variety of sectors, including
            search, advertising, hardware (Nexus), software (Android), self-driving cars (Waymo),
            and  even healthcare (Calico). Over time, this led to  complexity in the  company’s
            structure and a blurring of focus.
             Alphabet  Inc. was created in 2015  as a way  to  separate  Google’s core search,
            advertising, and software businesses  from its other experimental projects and
            moonshot ventures. This strategic separation allowed each business unit to have its
            own leadership, goals, and financial accountability.
             This mirrors the concept of Viyog, where withdrawal or separation from a core unit
            enables focus on areas with more potential or less competitive pressure. By removing
            the complexity and risk from Google’s core business, Alphabet allowed for clearer
            business focus and more efficient management.



             2. Minimizing Risk and Focusing on Core Strengths:

             The separation into Alphabet allowed Google to refocus on its primary business:
            search engine advertising. Alphabet, as a parent company, allows each subsidiary
            to  operate  independently,  which mitigates the risks of  diversification  and  ensures
            each entity can thrive in its own niche without being weighed down by the broader
            corporate complexity.
             For example, Waymo (the self-driving car subsidiary) is allowed to operate without
            the direct pressures  of Google’s search  and advertising business.  This strategic
            separation allows Google to focus on its strengths in core areas and enables its other
            ventures to scale more efficiently without compromising on focus.



             3. Resource Reallocation and Innovation:

             By  creating  Alphabet  Inc.,  the company  strategically withdrew  from an  all-

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