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encompassing approach to innovation and resource allocation. Instead, Alphabet’s
          model allowed  for more flexible, tailored investment  in different areas. Each unit
          under Alphabet could pursue aggressive innovation in its field without worrying about
          affecting the profitability of Google’s core operations.

           For  example, Waymo  could  focus on  research and  development in autonomous
          vehicles  without having  to worry about  immediate  profits, whereas  Google could
          continue investing heavily in its advertising and search engine dominance. Viyog’s
          principle of separating different areas allows businesses to allocate resources where
          they are most effective and viable.



           4. Creating Flexibility and Scalability:
           This strategic separation also allowed Google to create a scalable organizational
          structure. Each entity could operate autonomously, grow at its own pace, and adapt
          to market changes independently, ensuring better long-term success.
           The strategic move to Alphabet echoes Viyog, where a company or organization does
          not need to force all components to exist under one umbrella but can instead scale
          and innovate in each area independently, allowing for quicker pivots and adaptability.



           5. Divesting from Non-Core Markets:
           Another example of Viyog in action is seen in Google’s divestment of non-core
          ventures. As part of Alphabet, several non-strategic businesses, such as Google Glass
          and Nest Labs, were either sold off, shut down, or operated more independently. This
          allowed the company to retreat from underperforming or misaligned markets and
          focus its energies on profitable and strategic areas.
           The separation enabled a more targeted approach, where Alphabet could focus on
          profitable core areas like Google Search and YouTube, while other projects could be
          managed more flexibly without impacting the parent company.



           6. Exploring New, High-Growth Markets:
           Viyog’s principle  also encourages exploring new market opportunities, and
          Alphabet’s creation enabled Google to expand into different sectors without being
          constrained by  its previous business model.  For  instance, Calico, a  life sciences
          company focused on aging and disease, was separated under the Alphabet umbrella,
          allowing for substantial investment into this high-risk, high-reward sector. This move
          reflects a withdrawal from areas that were more mature (such as advertising) to focus
          on potentially disruptive, innovative fields.





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