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IMDR’s Journal of Management Development & Research 2023-24
k. Access to extension services: Access to agricultural extension services and expert advice is often limited

only to FPOs, affecting their ability to adopt best agricultural practices.
l. Access to risk management tools: FPOs may struggle to access insurance and risk management tools to

protect against crop failure and other unforeseen challenges.

m. Digitization or Network Connectivity: Data presented in the LokSabha in March 2021 shows that more
than 25,000 villages in India are still without internet. India's total number of mobile phone users may

have reached 116.3 billion, but out of India's 5.97 million villages, more than 25,000 villages still do not

have mobile phone or internet connectivity.
To address these challenges, FPOs benefit from a supportive ecosystem that includes capacity building, access

to finance, better market infrastructure and policy reforms. Collaboration between government agencies,

NGOs, research institutes and private sector organizations can play an important role in helping FPOs
overcome these challenges and contribute to the overall development of Indian agriculture. Farmers, often

organized as cooperatives or associations, face many challenges and problems in their farming activities. These
difficulties can differ contingent upon the area, the sort of harvest and the particular conditions of the ranchers

in question. Numerous smallholder ranchers have restricted admittance to fundamental assets like land, water
and capital. This can hinder their ability to invest in modern farming practices and techniques. One of the

biggest challenges that farmers face is that they don’t have a lot of market outlets for their products. They can

face price fluctuations, intermediaries that take a significant part of their profits, and transportation problems
that can make it difficult to market their products. Ranchers are progressively defenseless against

environmental change, including outrageous climate occasions, dry seasons and floods. They can have
devastating effects on crop yields and livestock. Many farmers lack access to modern farming techniques,

sustainable farming practices and training. This limits their ability to increase productivit y and adapt to
changing conditions.

High input costs, unpredictable weather and fluctuating commodity prices can create financial stress and debt

among farmers. In some regions, land ownership and property rights are not secured, which can prevent long-
term investment in agriculture and make it difficult to obtain credit. Poor infrastructure in rural areas, including

roads, electricity and telecommunications, can hinder the adoption of modern agricultural techniques and
efficient value chains. Many small farmers find it difficult to get loans to invest in their operations, buy

equipment or expand their business. Pests and diseases can destroy crops and livestock, causing heavy losses

to farmers. Inconsistent or burdensome government regulations, subsidies and trade policies can affect the
competitiveness of farmers in domestic and international markets. In certain areas, work deficiencies are a

critical issue as more youthful ages relocate to metropolitan regions looking for better financial opportunities.
As youngsters move to urban communities looking for better open positions, there might be worries about the

maturing of ranchers, prompting an absence of progression arranging and a decrease in farming efficiency.